ABSTRACT
Objective
To review all high quality available evidence regarding the effect of intraoperative
bupivacaine 24 hours (or 8.9 half-lives) after intraoperative administration at time
of gynaecologic surgery and to ascertain whether a second mechanism of action, beyond
the initial prevention of sodium channel depolarization and blockade of nerve impulses,
may be occurring.
Data Sources
We searched all major databases with an algorithm designed to include all randomized
trials that used any form of local bupivacaine, regardless of dose or route of administration,
at the time of any gynaecologic surgery and compared its use with saline placebo.
Results
As expected, we found that bupivacaine showed a significant improvement for all gynaecologic
surgeries with respect to pain intensity at 6 hours after surgery when compared with
a saline group (mean difference [MD] –1.28; 95% CI –1.96 to –0.61], P = 0.07). We also found a significant difference at 24 hours after surgery, giving
evidence to the possibility of a second mechanism of action (MD –0.57; 95% CI –1.10
to –0.05], P = 0.01). Further subgroup analysis for pain levels at 24 hours showed significant
decreases in pain for the laparoscopy (MD –0.74; 95% CI –0.93 to –0.54, P < 0.01) and laparotomy (MD –2.60; 95% CI –2.93 to –2.27, P < 0.01)) subgroups but not for the vaginal hysterectomy (MD 0.20; 95% CI –0.69 to
1.09, P = 0.66) or prolapse surgery (MD –0.11; 95% CI –0.41 to 0.19, P = 0.48) subgroups.
There was no significant difference with respect to the length of hospital stay (MD
–0.11; 95% CI –0.59 to 0.38, P = 0.67).
Conclusion
As expected, bupivacaine significantly reduced visual analog pain scores when compared
with placebo at 6 hours after surgery, but also showed a significant difference at
24 hours after surgery, giving evidence of a second mechanism of action following
the initial sodium channel blockade.
RÉSUMÉ
Objectif
Examiner toutes les données probantes de haute qualité disponibles concernant l'effet
de la bupivacaïne 24 heures (ou 8,9 demi-vies) après son administration peropératoire
pendant une intervention chirurgicale gynécologique et vérifier si un deuxième mode
d'action se produit, au-delà de la prévention initiale de l'ouverture des canaux sodiques
par dépolarisation et du bloc de l'impulsion.
Sources de données
Nous avons fait des recherches dans toutes les grandes bases de données à l'aide d'un
algorithme conçu pour inclure tous les essais randomisés qui ont utilisé n'importe
quelle forme de bupivacaïne locale, quelle que soit la dose ou la voie d'administration,
pendant une intervention chirurgicale gynécologique et qui ont comparé son utilisation
avec un placebo de solution saline.
Résultats
Comme attendu, nous avons constaté que la bupivacaïne permettait d'obtenir une amélioration
significative pour toutes les interventions chirurgicales gynécologiques en ce qui
concerne l'intensité de la douleur 6 heures après l'intervention comparativement au
groupe de la solution saline (différence moyenne [DM] : -1,28; IC à 95 % : -1,96 à
-0,61, p = 0,07). Nous avons également constaté une différence significative 24 heures après
l'intervention, ce qui indique la possibilité d'un deuxième mode d'action (DM : -0,57;
IC à 95 % : -1,10 à -0,05, p = 0,01). Une autre analyse de sous-groupe des intensités de douleur à 24 heures indique
une diminution significative de la douleur pour les sous-groupes de la laparoscopie
(DM : -0,74; IC à 95 % : -0,93 à -0,54, p < 0,01) et de la laparotomie (DM : -2,60; IC à 95 % : -2,93 à -2,27, p < 0,01), mais pas pour ceux de l'hystérectomie vaginale (DM : 0,20; IC à 95 % : -0,69
à 1,09, p = 0,66) et de la réparation d'un prolapsus (DM : -0,11; IC à 95 % : -0,41 à 0,19,
p = 0,48). Aucune différence significative n'a été observée quant à la durée d'hospitalisation
(DM : -0,11; IC à 95 % : -0,59 à 0,38, p = 0,67).
Conclusion
Comme attendu, la bupivacaïne a significativement réduit les scores visuels analogiques
de la douleur comparativement au placebo 6 heures après l'intervention, mais elle
a également montré une différence significative 24 heures après l'intervention, ce
qui laisse croire à un deuxième mode d'action après le bloc des canaux sodiques.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 18, 2021
Footnotes
Disclosures: The authors declare they have nothing to disclose.
All authors have indicated they meet the journal's requirements for authorship.
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada/La Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
