RÉSUMÉ
Objectif
Utilisateurs concernés
Population cible
Données probantes
Méthodes de validation
Avantages, préjudice et coûts
Mise à jour de la directive clinique
Promoteurs
Déclarations Sommaires
- 1Le col de l'utérus non favorable et le déclenchement artificiel du travail sont plus fréquents dans les cas d'obésité maternelle. Le rôle du déclenchement artificiel du travail et les risques associés à une césarienne demeurent incertains (II-2).
- 2Il est recommandé d'exercer une surveillance électronique fœtale chez les femmes en travail actif dont l'indice de masse corporelle est supérieur à 35 kg/m2. Un indice de masse corporelle maternel élevé peut compliquer l'examen du col de l'utérus, le monitorage des contractions utérines et la surveillance de la fréquence cardiaque fœtale (III).
- 3Le délai entre la prose de décision et l'accouchement augmente chez les femmes atteintes d'obésité (II-2).
- 4Un indice de masse corporelle élevé accroît les risques d'infection du champ opératoire et de complications de plaie (II-2).
- 5L'obésité maternelle augmente les risques anesthésiques (II-2).
- 6Le taux de réussite de l'allaitement est moins élevé chez les femmes atteintes d'obésité que chez les autres femmes (II-2).
- 7Les femmes atteintes d'obésité ont accès à plusieurs méthodes de contraception efficaces (III).
- 8Les femmes atteintes d'obésité présentent un risque accru de dépression et d'anxiété post-partum (II-2).
- 9Les soins prénataux, intrapartum et post-partum peuvent s'avérer plus complexes chez les femmes atteintes d'obésité que chez les autres femmes (III).
Recommandations
- 1Il est recommandé d'exercer une surveillance électronique fœtale chez les femmes en travail actif dont l'indice de masse corporelle est supérieur à 35 kg/m2. Un cathéter de pression intra-utérine peut faciliter la surveillance des contractions pendant le travail. Les électrodes du cuir chevelu fœtal peuvent être utiles pour assurer une surveillance fœtale continue lorsqu'indiquée (III- B).
- 2Il peut s'avérer bénéfique d'administrer une dose d'antibiotiques préopératoires plus élevée que la normale aux femmes atteintes d'obésité en cas de césarienne (I- A).
- 3Il est recommandé de réapproximer les tissus sous-cutanés en plusieurs plans lors de la césarienne pour réduire les complications de plaie (II-2 A).
- 4L’évaluation prénatale et l'anesthésie obstétricale peuvent contribuer à la planification d'un accouchement sécuritaire chez les femmes atteintes d'obésité (III- A).
- 5Étant donné que les femmes atteintes d'obésité présentent un risque accru de thromboembolie veineuse après une césarienne, il est recommandé d'administrer une thromboprophylaxie postopératoire aux doses indiquées en fonction de l'indice de masse corporelle (II-3 A).
- 6Il est conseillé d'offrir du soutien à l'allaitement aux femmes atteintes d'obésité pendant la période post-partum (III- C).
- 7Étant donné que l'obésité maternelle constitue un facteur de risque de dépression et d'anxiété post-partum, il est recommandé d'en dépister les signes chez les femmes atteintes d'obésité (II-2 A).
- 8Il est suggéré d'accompagner les femmes atteintes d'obésité dans la gestion de leur poids durant la période post-partum afin de réduire les risques pour les grossesses subséquentes (II-2 A).
- 9La planification en équipe des soins obstétriques peut faciliter le cheminement des femmes atteintes d'obésité entre les soins prénataux, intrapartum et post-partum (III-3 A).
Mots clés
- Grossesse
- obésité maternelle
- travail et accouchement
- accouchement vaginal
- césarienne
- désunion de plaie
- thromboembolie veineuse
- morbidité maternelle
- morbidité fœtale
- morbidité néonatale
- échographie fœtale
- chirurgie bariatrique
- gain de poids gestationnel
- mortinaissance
- accouchement vaginal après césarienne
ABBREVIATIONS:
AVAC (accouchement vaginal après césarienne), AMPR (acétate de médroxyprogestérone), DIU (dispositifs intra-utérins), IMC (indice de masse corporelle), TEV (thromboembolie veineuse)Purchase one-time access:
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Footnotes
Le présent document correspond aux nouvelles avancées cliniques et scientifiques au moment de sa publication et est sujet à changement. Les renseignements qu'il contient ne doivent pas être considérés comme les seuls traitements ou les seules interventions à suivre. Les établissements locaux peuvent imposer des modifications aux opinions ci-incluses. Toute modification apportée par un établissement local doit être bien documentée. Le contenu du présent document ne peut être reproduit d'aucune manière, en tout ou en partie, sans l'autorisation écrite préalable de l’éditeur.
Chaque personne a le droit et la responsabilité de prendre des décisions éclairées relativement aux soins qu'elle reçoit en partenariat avec ses fournisseurs de soins de santé. Pour aider les patientes à faire un choix éclairé, il faut leur fournir un soutien et des renseignements adaptés à leur culture et qui correspondent à leurs besoins. Ces renseignements doivent reposer sur des données probantes.
La présente directive clinique utilise un langage qui place les femmes au centre des soins. Cela dit, la SOGC est déterminée à respecter les droits de chaque personne, y compris les personnes transgenres, non binaires ou intersexuées, à qui la directive clinique pourrait s'appliquer. La SOGC encourage les fournisseurs de soins de santé à s'engager dans une conversation respectueuse avec les patientes relativement à leur identité de genre, car cette approche joue un rôle crucial dans la prestation de soins sécuritaires et appropriés. Les valeurs, croyances et besoins individuels de chaque patiente et de sa famille doivent être pris en compte, et l'ultime décision de la patiente quant à ses options de soins et de traitements doit être respectée.
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- Correction à la directive clinique no 392Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada Vol. 42Issue 3
- PreviewLes auteurs de la Directive clinique No 392 - Grossesse et obésité maternelle Partie 2 : Planification en équipe de l'accouchement et soins post-partum1 souhaitent réviser leur recommandation relativement à la surveillance électronique fœtale chez les femmes dont l'indice de masse corporelle excède 35 kg/m2 de sorte qu'elle reflète les directives actuelles sur la surveillance électronique fœtale2. La directive a été modifiée afin d'indiquer que la surveillance électronique fœtale peut être envisagée au lieu d’être recommandée pour les femmes en travail actif et dont l'indice de masse corporelle est supérieur à 35 kg/m2.
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