Résumé
Objectif
Issues
Résultats
Valeurs
Avantages, désavantages et coûts
Déclarations sommaires
- 1Le recours isolé à l’échographie, lorsque celle-ci est menée avec précision et dans le respect des normes de qualité, est plus précis que l'utilisation d'une date menstruelle « certaine » pour la déter-mination de l’âge gestationnel au cours des premier et deuxième trimestres (≤ 23 semaines) dans les cas de grossesse spontanée; il s'agit de la meilleure méthode pour ce qui est de l'estimation de la date d'accouchement (II).
- 2En l'absence d'une meilleure évaluation de l’âge gestationnel, la tenue systématique d'une échographie au cours du premier ou du deuxième trimestre entraîne une atténuation du taux de déclenchement mené en raison d'une grossesse post-terme (I).
- 3Idéalement, chaque femme enceinte devrait se voir offrir la tenue d'une échographie de datation au cours du premier trimestre; toutefois, lorsque la disponibilité des services d’échographie obstétricale s'avère limitée, il est raisonnable d'avoir recours à une échographie menée au cours du deuxième trimestre pour évaluer l’âge gestationnel (I).
Recommandations
- 1La distance vertex-coccyx au cours du premier trimestre constitue le meilleur paramètre à utiliser pour déterminer l’âge gestationnel; elle devrait être utilisée dans toutes les situations où cela s'avère approprié (I A).
- 2En présence de plus d'une échographie (menée au premier trimestre) ayant permis la mesure du diamètre moyen du sac ou de la distance vertex-coccyx, la première ayant permis de mesurer une distance vertex-coccyx équivalant à au moins sept semaines (ou 10 mm) devrait être utilisée pour déterminer l’âge gestationnel (III B). Idéalement, l’échographie de datation est effectuée à au moins 7 semaines ou 10 mm de gestation. Toutefois, en l'absence d'une date de fécondation, il convient de faire preuve de discernement clinique et de prudence si la seule échographie précoce de la longueur vertex-coccyx est effectuée avant 10 mm ou 7 semaines de gestation; il n'est donc pas nécessaire de répéter l’échographie. Les facteurs à tenir en compte comprennent la qualité et la méthodes échographiques, ainsi que tous les renseignements cliniques disponibles.
- 3Entre la 12e et la 14e semaines, la distance vertex-coccyx et le diamètre bipariétal présentent un degré de précision semblable. Il est recommandé d'utiliser la distance vertex-coccyx jusqu’à 84 mm et d'utiliser le diamètre bipariétal pour ce qui est des mesures supérieures à 84 mm (II-1 A).
- 4Lorsqu'une échographie menée au deuxième ou au troisième trimestre est utilisée pour déterminer l’âge gestationnel, une combinaison de multiples paramètres biométriques (diamètre bipariétal, périmètre crânien, périmètre abdominal et longueur du fémur) devrait être utilisée, plutôt que de n'avoir recours qu’à un seul paramètre (II-1A).
- 5Lorsque l'attribution de l’âge gestationnel se fonde sur une échographie menée au troisième trimestre, il est difficile de confirmer avec précision la date prévue de l'accouchement. Un suivi échographique pour évaluer l'intervalle de croissance est suggéré de 2 à 3 semaines plus tard. (III C).
Mots clés
ABRÉVIATIONS::
CPTP (Coefficient de prévision d'un test positif), DBP (Diamètre bipariétal), DMSG (Diamètre moyen du sac gestationnel), DPA (Date prévue d'accouchement), DVC (Distance vertex-coccyx), TPA (Techniques de procréation assistée)Purchase one-time access:
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Footnotes
Le présent document correspond aux nouvelles avancées cliniques et scientifiques au moment de sa publication et est sujet à changement. Les renseignements qu'il contient ne doivent pas être considérés comme les seuls traitements ou les seules interventions à suivre. Les établissements locaux peuvent imposer des modifications aux opinions ci-incluses. Toute modification apportée par un établissement local doit être bien documentée. Le contenu du présent document ne peut être reproduit d'aucune manière, en tout ou en partie, sans l'autorisation écrite préalable de l’éditeur.
Chaque personne a le droit et la responsabilité de prendre des décisions éclairées relativement aux soins qu'elle reçoit en partenariat avec ses fournisseurs de soins de santé. Pour aider les patientes à faire un choix éclairé, il faut leur fournir un soutien et des renseignements adaptés à leur culture et qui correspondent à leurs besoins. Ces renseignements doivent reposer sur des données probantes.
La présente directive clinique utilise un langage qui place les femmes au centre des soins. Cela dit, la SOGC est déterminée à respecter les droits de chaque personne, y compris les personnes transgenres, non binaires ou intersexuées, à qui la directive clinique pourrait s'appliquer. La SOGC encourage les fournisseurs de soins de santé à s'engager dans une conversation respectueuse avec les patientes relativement à leur identité de genre, car cette approche joue un rôle crucial dans la prestation de soins sécuritaires et appropriés. Les valeurs, croyances et besoins individuels de chaque patiente et de sa famille doivent être pris en compte, et l'ultime décision de la patiente quant à ses options de soins et de traitements doit être respectée.
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- Guideline No. 388-Determination of Gestational Age by UltrasoundJournal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada Vol. 41Issue 10