Résumé
Objectif
Résultats
Données
Avantages, inconvénients et coûts
Valeurs
Recommandations
- 1.Toutes les patientes présentent une anasarque fœtoplacentaire devraient être rapidement dirigées vers un centre de soins tertiaires pour y subir une évaluation. Certains conditions traitables en période prénatale constituent une urgence thérapeutique après 18 semaines de grossesse; leur traitement peut permettre la poursuite de la grossesse et l'amélioration des issues fœtales et néonatales (II-2A).
- 2.L'analyse des chromosomes fœtaux par hybridation génomique comparative sur microréseaux d'ADN devrait être offerte, lorsque disponible, à toutes les femmes qui présentent une anasarque fœtoplacentaire non immune (II-2A).
- 3.Les examens d'imagerie devraient comprendre une échographie obstétricale exhaustive (y compris un Doppler fœtal artériel et veineux) ainsi qu'une échocardiographie fœtale (II-2A).
- 4.Le dépistage d'infections fœtomaternelles et de l'alpha-thalassémie devrait être effectué chez toutes les femmes qui présentent une anasarque fœtoplacentaire inexpliquée et qui sont à risque en raison de leur origine ethnique (II-2A).
- 5.Un Doppler visant à mesurer le pic de vitesse systolique dans l'artère cérébrale moyenne devrait être effectué après 16 semaines de grossesse chez tous les fœtus hydropiques afin d’évaluer le risque d'anémie fœtale. Si une anémie fœtale est soupçonnée, un prélèvement de sang fœtal et une transfusion intra-utérine devraient être offerts rapidement (II-2A).
- 6.Toutes les patientes qui présentent une anasarque fœtoplacentaire inexpliquée devraient être dirigées vers des services de génétique médicale lorsque cela est possible. Une évaluation postnatale exhaustive de tout nouveau-né atteint d'anasarque non immune inexpliquée devrait être réalisée par un médecin généticien (II-2A).
- 7.Une autopsie est fortement recommandé en tout cas de décès fœtal ou néonatal en l'absence d'un diagnositc prénatal (II-2A).
SIGLES
- ACM, artère cérébrale moyenne
- ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique
- AFNI, anasarque fœtoplacentaire non immune
- AG, âge gestationnel
- CMV, cytomégalovirus
- ELISA, essai immuno-enzymatique
- FISH, hybridation in situ fluorescente
- FSC, formule sanguine complète
- Hb, hémoglobine
- Hb H, hémoglobine H
- IgG, immunoglobuline G
- IgM, immunoglobuline M
- MPS, mucopolysaccharidose
- QF-PCR, réaction en chaîne par polymérase fluorescente quantitative
- RT-PCR, réaction en chaîne par polymérase en temps réel
- SOGC, Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada
- TORCH, toxoplasmose, rubéole, cytomégalovirus, herpès simplex
- VIH, virus de l'immunodéficience humaine
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Footnotes
☆Ce document fait état des progrès cliniques et scientifiques à la date de sa publication et peut faire l'objet de modifications. Il ne faut pas interpréter l'information qui y figure comme l'imposition d'une procédure ou d'un mode de traitement exclusifs à suivre. Un établissement hospitalier est libre de dicter des modifications à apporter à ces opinions. En l'occurrence, il faut qu'il y ait documentation à l'appui de ces modifications. Aucune partie de ce document ne peut être reproduite, sous quelque forme que ce soit, sans une permission écrite de l’éditeur.
✯✯Les femmes ont le droit et le devoir de prendre des décisions éclairées en matière de soins, en collaboration avec leurs fournisseurs de soins. Pour faciliter ces décisions, il faut offrir aux femmes des renseignements et des conseils fondés sur des données probantes qui soient adaptés à leur culture et à leurs besoins. Il faut chercher à connaître les valeurs, les croyances et les besoins des femmes et de leur famille, et respecter leur choix final en ce qui concerne les soins et les traitements.