Résumé
Objectif
Issues
Données
Valeurs
Avantages, inconvénients et coûts
Recommandations
- 1.Les fournisseurs de soins devraient obtenir les antécédents vaccinaux pertinents des femmes recevant des soins prénataux et leur offrir les vaccins nécessaires (III-A).
- 2.En général, les vaccins vivants et vivants atténués ne devraient pas être administrés durant la grossesse parce qu'ils posent un risque essentiellement théorique pour le fœtus (II-3B).
- 3.Les femmes enceintes ayant reçu par inadvertance un vaccin vivant ou vivant atténué ne devraient pas être encouragées à interrompre leur grossesse en raison d'un risque de tératogénicité (II-2A).
- 4.Les femmes non enceintes recevant un vaccin vivant ou vivant atténué devraient être avisées d'éviter de tomber enceintes pour au moins quatre semaines (III-B).
- 5.Les vaccins viraux inactivés, les vaccins bactériens et les vaccins à base d'anatoxine peuvent être administrés sans danger durant la grossesse (II-1A).
- 6.L'allaitement maternel n'est pas une contre-indication à la vaccination (immunisation passive-active, vaccin vivant, à l'exception de la fièvre jaune, ou vaccin inactivé) (II-1A).
- 7.Toutes les femmes enceintes devraient se voir offrir les vaccins à base d'anatoxine contre la diphtérie et le tétanos ainsi que le vaccin acellulaire contre la coqueluche au deuxième ou au troisième trimestre – préférablement entre la 21e et la 32e semaine de grossesse, pendant chaque grossesse – peu importe leurs antécédents vaccinaux (II-2A).
- 8.Toutes les femmes enceintes, quel que soit leur trimestre, et les femmes susceptibles d'être enceintes pendant la saison de la grippe devraient se voir offrir le vaccin antigrippal inactivé afin de prévenir la mortalité et la morbidité maternelles et infantiles liées à cette infection (I-1A).
- 9.Les femmes enceintes chez qui on soupçonne ou on a diagnostiqué une grippe devraient être traitées par l'administration d'oseltamivir (Tamiflu, 75 mg p.o. b.i.d.), et ce, peu importe leurs antécédents vaccinaux (III-B).
- 10.Les femmes enceintes qui présentent des facteurs de risque précis en raison de leurs comorbidités médicales ou d'une exposition particulière devraient se voir offrir les vaccins contre l'hépatite B, l'hépatite A, le méningocoque et le pneumocoque afin de prévenir la morbidité maternelle (III-A).
Mots clés
Sigles:
dcaT (vaccin contre la diphtérie, la coqueluche et le tétanos), dT (vaccin contre la diphtérie et le tétanos), ECR (essai clinique randomisé), ER (embryopathie rubéolique), OMS (Organisation mondiale de la Santé), PI (pneumococcie invasive), RRO (rougeole, rubéole, oreillons), SGB (syndrome de Guillain-Barré), VIH (virus de l'immunodéficience humaine), VPH (virus du papillome humain)Purchase one-time access:
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Footnotes
Ce document fait état des progrès cliniques et scientifiques à la date de sa publication et peut faire l'objet de modifications. Il ne faut pas interpréter l'information qui y figure comme l'imposition d'une procédure ou d'un mode de traitement exclusifs à suivre. Un établissement hospitalier est libre de dicter des modifications à apporter à ces opinions. En l'occurrence, il faut qu'il y ait documentation à l'appui de ces modifications. Aucune partie de ce document ne peut être reproduite, sous quelque forme que ce soit, sans une permission écrite de l'éditeur.
Les femmes ont le droit et le devoir de prendre des décisions éclairées en matière de soins, en collaboration avec leurs fournisseurs de soins. Pour faciliter ces décisions, il faut offrir aux femmes des renseignements et des conseils fondés sur des données probantes qui soient adaptés à leur culture et à leurs besoins. Il faut chercher à connaître les valeurs, les croyances et les besoins des femmes et de leur famille, et respecter leur choix final en ce qui concerne les soins et les traitements.
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- No. 357-Immunization in PregnancyJournal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada Vol. 40Issue 4